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bishop and knight checkmate
The bishop and knight checkmate in chess is the checkmate of a lone king which can be forced by a bishop, knight, and king. With the stronger side to move and with perfect play, checkmate can be forced in at most thirty-three moves from any starting position where the defender cannot quickly win one of the pieces. The exceptions occur when (1) The defending king may be forking the bishop and knight so that one of them is lost on the next move, or (2) the knight may be trapped in a corner by the defending king and the knight is lost in one or two moves, and the position is not in the "stalemate trap" (see below). These exceptions constitute about 0.5% of the positions.〔Speelman, et. al, p. 7〕 Checkmate can be forced only with the defending king in a corner controlled by the bishop or on a square on the edge next to such a corner. Although this is classified as one of the four basic or elementary checkmates (the others being king and queen; king and rook; or king and two bishops against a lone king), it occurs in practice approximately only once in every 6000 games.
==History and methods==
A method for checkmate using the "W" method was given by
Philidor in his famous 1749 treatise, ''Analyse du jeu des Échecs''.〔(Philidor's treatise )〕 Another method is known as Deletang's Method or Deletang's Triangles, involving confining the lone king in a series of three shrinking isosceles right-angled triangles, with the "right" corner at the 90-degree angle of the triangle. Some of the ideas of this method date back to 1780 but the complete system was first published in 1923 by Daniel Deletang.〔Daniel Delétang (February 1923) "Mat avec le fou et le cavalier" (Mate with the bishop and knight), ''La Stratégie'', 56 (2) : 25 - 32.〕 This method takes five to ten more moves than Philidor's W method but there are fewer rules and it can still be accomplished before the fifty move rule takes effect. His "second triangle" or "middle triangle" comes up in the more standard methods (see below). Checkmate can be forced without strictly using either of the methods. Incidentally, checkmate can be delivered in 460 different ways (positions).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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